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Featured article

TEMPLES & ARCHITECTURE · WEST INDIA

Somnath Temple — The Shrine Eternal

First of the twelve Jyotirlingas, on the Saurashtra shore. Founded in stone by the 10th century, celebrated by Al-Biruni as the harbour-temple of the Indian Ocean trade, razed by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1026, rebuilt by Kumarapala — and raised again by the new Republic in 1951. The shrine eternal of Indian memory, told through period photographs and the raider's own chroniclers.

Epoch: Age of Regional Empires · Theme: Jyotirlingas · (Read the full article →)

On this day

12 June

1975 — The Allahabad High Court sets aside Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s election — the verdict that led, within a fortnight, to the Emergency.

The live calendar grows as articles are added.

Explore by theme

⚔Military Historybattles won & lost

🏛Ancient UniversitiesTakshashila · Nalanda

🛕Temples & ArchitectureNagara · Dravida · Vesara

✍LitterateursKalidasa to Bharati

⛵Trade RoutesUttarapatha · Muziris

🪔Indian Renaissancereform & awakening

🛡Heroes of Indiaall regions, NWSE

👑Dynasties of Indiathe famous & the forgotten

📖Jyotirlingasthe twelve shrines

Battle database — a separate wing, battle by battle

Hydaspes 326 BCEKalinga 261 BCEAror 712Rajasthan 738Waihind 1008Lohkot 1015 & 1021Tarain 1191–92Khanwa 1527Talikota 1565Haldighati 1576Saraighat 1671Plassey 1757Panipat III 1761Kargil 1999

Every battle: forces, maps, outcome, aftermath, full bibliography — victories and defeats alike. Browse →

New wing — the resistance chronicle

MILITARY HISTORY · DYNASTIES OF INDIA

Mahmud of Ghazni — The Raider and the Resistance

The full campaign ledger of the most famous invader — including what the textbooks skip: Lohkot, the Kashmir fortress that beat him twice; Kalinjar untaken; the confederacy of 1008, funded by the ornaments of Indian women; and the kings who answered, from Jayapala’s pyre to the Jats of the desert. With the two-worlds map of 970 and the four-century chain from the first Arab raid of 636.

The timeline → · The dynasties → · The twelve shrines →

Quote of the day

"In all their grandeur, they never slackened in the ardent desire of doing that which is good and right… men of noble sentiment and noble bearing."

— Al-Biruni on the Hindu Shahis, Kitab al-Hind, c. 1030 — the enemy’s own tribute

Picture of the day

The two worlds of 970 — the religious map of the Afghan lands at Mahmud’s birth. An original Indopedia map, from the new ledger article.

Indian history in the news

New excavation season announced at Rakhigarhi (sample item)
Chola-era copper plates found in Tamil Nadu (sample item)
Conservation milestone at Hampi (sample item)

Discovery — voyages & places

Hampi — capital of Vijayanagara

Walk the boulders of the Tungabhadra through the Virupaksha temple, the Vitthala stone chariot and the royal enclosures. Travel-style storytelling, with the history and the sources.

Epoch: Vijayanagara Era

Help write the history of India — a curated team, period by period · one standard format · mandatory bibliographies

Become a contributor

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 <p class="ind-meta">''The live calendar grows as articles are added.''</p></div>
-<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Picture of the day</div>
+<div class="ind-card ind-span3"><div class="ind-card-h">Explore by theme</div>
-<div style="text-align:center">[[File:Afghanistan-970-religious-map-Indopedia.png|300px]]</div>
-<p class="ind-meta" style="margin-top:8px">The two worlds of 970 — the religious map of the Afghan lands at Mahmud’s birth. An original Indopedia map, from [[Mahmud of Ghazni — The Raider and the Resistance|the new ledger article]].</p></div>
-<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Quote of the day</div>
-<blockquote>"In all their grandeur, they never slackened in the ardent desire of doing that which is good and right… men of noble sentiment and noble bearing."</blockquote>
-<p class="ind-meta">— Al-Biruni on the '''Hindu Shahis''', ''Kitab al-Hind'', c. 1030 — the enemy’s own tribute</p></div>
-<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Indian history in the news</div>
-<ul><li>New excavation season announced at Rakhigarhi ''(sample item)''</li>
-<li>Chola-era copper plates found in Tamil Nadu ''(sample item)''</li>
-<li>Conservation milestone at Hampi ''(sample item)''</li></ul></div>
-<div class="ind-card ind-span2"><div class="ind-card-h">New wing — the resistance chronicle</div><span class="ind-badge">MILITARY HISTORY · DYNASTIES OF INDIA</span>
-<div class="ind-t">[[Mahmud of Ghazni — The Raider and the Resistance]]</div>
-<p>The full campaign ledger of the most famous invader — including what the textbooks skip: '''Lohkot''', the Kashmir fortress that beat him twice; Kalinjar untaken; the confederacy of 1008, funded by the ornaments of Indian women; and the kings who answered, from Jayapala’s pyre to the Jats of the desert. With the two-worlds map of 970 and the four-century chain from the first Arab raid of 636.</p>
-<p class="ind-meta">[[The Caliphate and India — A Timeline (636–1030)|The timeline →]] · [[Dynasties of India|The dynasties →]] · [[Jyotirlingas|The twelve shrines →]]</p></div>
-<div class="ind-card ind-span2"><div class="ind-card-h">Discovery — voyages & places</div>
-<div class="ind-t">Hampi — capital of Vijayanagara</div>
-<p>Walk the boulders of the Tungabhadra to the ruins of one of the great cities of its age: the Virupaksha temple, the Vitthala complex and its stone chariot, royal enclosures and bazaars. Each Discovery entry pairs travel-style storytelling with the site's history and sources.</p>
-<p class="ind-meta">Epoch: [[:Category:Vijayanagara Era|Vijayanagara Era]]</p></div>
-<div class="ind-card ind-span2"><div class="ind-card-h">Explore by theme</div>
 <div class="ind-themes">
 <div class="ind-theme"><span class="ic">⚔</span>[[:Category:Military History|Military History]]<small>battles won & lost</small></div>
@@ Line 56: / Line 33: @@
 </div></div>
-<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Battle database</div>
+<div class="ind-card ind-span3"><div class="ind-card-h">Battle database — a separate wing, battle by battle</div>
-<div class="ind-chips"><span>Hydaspes 326 BCE</span><span>Kalinga 261 BCE</span><span>Waihind 1008</span><span>Lohkot 1015 & 1021</span><span>Tarain 1191–92</span><span>Talikota 1565</span><span>Saraighat 1671</span><span>Plassey 1757</span><span>Panipat III 1761</span><span>Kargil 1999</span></div>
+<div class="ind-chips"><span>Hydaspes 326 BCE</span><span>Kalinga 261 BCE</span><span>Aror 712</span><span>Rajasthan 738</span><span>Waihind 1008</span><span>Lohkot 1015 & 1021</span><span>Tarain 1191–92</span><span>Khanwa 1527</span><span>Talikota 1565</span><span>Haldighati 1576</span><span>Saraighat 1671</span><span>Plassey 1757</span><span>Panipat III 1761</span><span>Kargil 1999</span></div>
 <p class="ind-meta">Every battle: forces, maps, outcome, aftermath, full bibliography — victories and defeats alike. [[:Category:Military History|Browse →]]</p></div>
+<div class="ind-card ind-span2"><div class="ind-card-h">New wing — the resistance chronicle</div><span class="ind-badge">MILITARY HISTORY · DYNASTIES OF INDIA</span>
+<div class="ind-t">[[Mahmud of Ghazni — The Raider and the Resistance]]</div>
+<p>The full campaign ledger of the most famous invader — including what the textbooks skip: '''Lohkot''', the Kashmir fortress that beat him twice; Kalinjar untaken; the confederacy of 1008, funded by the ornaments of Indian women; and the kings who answered, from Jayapala’s pyre to the Jats of the desert. With the two-worlds map of 970 and the four-century chain from the first Arab raid of 636.</p>
+<p class="ind-meta">[[The Caliphate and India — A Timeline (636–1030)|The timeline →]] · [[Dynasties of India|The dynasties →]] · [[Jyotirlingas|The twelve shrines →]]</p></div>
+<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Quote of the day</div>
+<blockquote>"In all their grandeur, they never slackened in the ardent desire of doing that which is good and right… men of noble sentiment and noble bearing."</blockquote>
+<p class="ind-meta">— Al-Biruni on the '''Hindu Shahis''', ''Kitab al-Hind'', c. 1030 — the enemy’s own tribute</p></div>
+<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Picture of the day</div>
+<div style="text-align:center">[[File:Afghanistan-970-religious-map-Indopedia.png|300px]]</div>
+<p class="ind-meta" style="margin-top:8px">The two worlds of 970 — the religious map of the Afghan lands at Mahmud’s birth. An original Indopedia map, from [[Mahmud of Ghazni — The Raider and the Resistance|the new ledger article]].</p></div>
+<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Indian history in the news</div>
+<ul><li>New excavation season announced at Rakhigarhi ''(sample item)''</li>
+<li>Chola-era copper plates found in Tamil Nadu ''(sample item)''</li>
+<li>Conservation milestone at Hampi ''(sample item)''</li></ul></div>
+<div class="ind-card"><div class="ind-card-h">Discovery — voyages & places</div>
+<div class="ind-t">Hampi — capital of Vijayanagara</div>
+<p>Walk the boulders of the Tungabhadra through the Virupaksha temple, the Vitthala stone chariot and the royal enclosures. Travel-style storytelling, with the history and the sources.</p>
+<p class="ind-meta">Epoch: [[:Category:Vijayanagara Era|Vijayanagara Era]]</p></div>
 <div class="ind-card ind-contrib ind-contrib-slim ind-span3"><div><span class="ind-cs-title">Help write the history of India</span> <span class="ind-cs-sub">— a curated team, period by period · one standard format · mandatory bibliographies</span></div><p class="ind-btn ind-btn-sm">[[Indopedia:Contribute|Become a contributor]]</p></div>